SECTION V

Article 31 - Composition of the Jury

31.1 For F.I.P.-World or International Exhibitions the Jury must be appointed from the list of accredited jurors nominated beforehand by the F.I.P.-Members. The list will be compiled by the F.I.P.-Board and updated at the beginning of each year, and placed at the disposal of the Exhibition Management.

31.2 To be accredited as a F.I.P.-Juror for appointment to a F.I.P.-Exhibition, he must:

- have previously acted as juror at a F.I.P.-World Exhibition, or

- have successfully served as an apprentice Juror at a F.I.P.-World Exhibition.

To serve as an apprentice at a F.I.P.-World Exhibition he shall:

- have been an exhibitor in a F.I.P.-exhibition and must have received at least a Vermeil Medal in a Competitive Class;

- have served as a juror in at least two national exhibitions or of equivalent standing;

- know at least one of the F.I.P.-recognised languages;

- have an understanding of all F.I.P.-recognised branches of philately;

- be fully conversant with the F.I.P.-Statutes, GREX, GREV and SREVs and be prepared to implement them.

3. The number of jury members for an exhibition is subject to prior agreement between the F.I.P.-Co-ordinator and the Exhibition Management. As a rule, one jury member should be appointed for every 125 to 150 m2 frame space. However, special requirements of individual competitive Classes shall also be taken into consideration.

Article 32 - Appointment of Jury Members

32.1 All appointments of jury members to a F.I.P.-exhibition must be confirmed by the F.I.P.-Board.

32.2 The Exhibition Management appoints up to 25% of the jury members from the accredited jurors of its own National Federation, in accordance with Article 31.1. Should there not be sufficient accredited jurors, the Exhibition Management and the F.I.P.-Co-ordinator will agree from which F.I.P.-Member additional accredited jurors may be drawn to fill their quota.

The Exhibition Management must first obtain approval from the F. I. P. Federation Members from whom additional accredited jurors are to be drawn before such additional accredited jurors may be invited.

32.3 The Exhibition Management shall appoint 50% of the jury members from the list of accredited jurors from other F.I.P.-Members, in accordance with Article 31.1. If possible, these jury members should come from those countries which are represented by the greatest number of exhibits. A maximum of two jury members with different specialised knowledge may be appointed from each F.I.P.-Member.

32.4 The F.I.P.-Board appoints up to 25% of the members of the jury from the list of accredited jurors. They shall be shown as F.I.P.-appointees in exhibition publications.

32.5 The Exhibition Management may appoint up to three senior consultants to the jury from the list of accredited jurors. They shall be entrusted with special judging duties.

32.6 The procedure for appointment of Jury members will be as follows:

- the Exhibition Management will ask for nominations of a short list of accredited jurors from prospective exhibiting F.I.P.-Members;

- the Exhibition Management will then prepare out of the above list a tentative composition of the jury;

- the Exhibition Management in consultation with the F.I.P.-Co-ordinator, shall submit the list to the F.I.P.-Board for final approval in accordance with Article 32.1;

- only after approval has been obtained, the individual invitation letters will be sent out to all selected jurors. A copy will be sent to the F.I.P.-Members concerned.

32.7 Nomination of Jury members by the Exhibition Management at F.I.P.-exhibitions in accordance with Article 32.6, as proposed shall be submitted to the F.I.P.-Board through the F.I.P.-Co-ordinator at least 12 months before the exhibition. The approved list of jury members shall be published at least 6 months before the exhibition.

32.8 The President of the F.I.P. automatically belongs to each jury in addition to the F.I.P.-representatives appointed in accordance with Article 32.4. He participates in the jury with the same rights and obligations as the other jury members, and in particular he ensures that the relevant F.I.P.-regulations are properly observed. Should the President of the F.I.P. be unable to participate, he may delegate a member of the F.I.P.-Board to take his place.

Article 33 - Appointment of Jury Apprentices

33.1 A F.I.P.-Member may propose a Jury apprentice to serve in a F.I.P.-World Exhibition provided he meets all the requirements as laid down under Article 31.2.

33.2 Only one apprentice may be nominated by each F.I.P.-Member for any one World Exhibition. The host F.I.P.-Member is entitled to appoint a second apprentice when the number of apprentices per jury group has not been reached. Apprentices have no voting rights.

33.3 The F.I.P.-Board will ask for nomination of apprentice jurors from F.I.P.-Members two years in advance. The Exhibition Management will select apprentices out of the nominations sent to them by F.I.P. in consultation with the F.I.P.-Co-ordinator for final approval of the F.I.P.-Board. One Jury apprentice may be attached to each judging group.

33.4 Apprentices can only be accredited initially in the class in which they have obtained their qualifying medal, except Youth and Literature. A juror initially accredited in Youth or Literature who wishes to qualify in other philatelic classes must first apprentice and seek qualification only in that class in which the original qualifying medal was received.

All jurors who successfully apprentice and are first accredited must then serve as a full judge in at least one exhibition before subsequently serving as an apprentice and seeking accreditation in another class, in accordance with current cross-accreditation guidelines.

33.5 On conclusion of the jury activities, the spokesmen of the jury groups submit a written assessment of the performance of the apprentices who were active in their groups to the Jury Presidium. The F.I.P.-Co-ordinator will forward the assessment to the F.I.P.-Board for their confirmation. The F.I.P.-Member, to which the apprentice Juror belongs will then be informed.

A positive assessment as apprentice is a prerequisite for inclusion in the list of accredited F.I.P.-jurors (Article 31.2).

Article 34 - Organisation of Jury Work

34.1 To facilitate the work of the jury, the Exhibition Management will provide access to the exhibition outside the normal opening times as far as possible.

34.2 The Exhibition Management shall place the following at the disposal of the jury for the performance of its duties:

- a separate room not accessible to the general public,

- a secretariat with multi-lingual typists;

- the necessary office equipment.

Article 35 - Privileges of Jury Members

35.1 The Exhibition Management shall provide each senior consultant of the jury, jury member, and jury apprentice with the following at no charge:

- two admission tickets for the entire period of the exhibition, one of them for a family member, to allow easy access during crowded conditions;

- prior to the beginning of jury work, at least two exhibition catalogues;

- two copies of the jury report (Palmarès), and

- two invitations to the Palmarès Banquet and to all official exhibition events, one of them for a family member.

Article 36

36.1 Senior consultants of the jury and jury members are entitled to reimbursement of all travelling expenses to and from their place of residence and the exhibition site. The members shall decide themselves whether they wish to travel by rail (1st class) or by air (cheapest fare). An apprentice juror is not entitled to such reimbursement.

36.2 The Exhibition Management shall provide each senior consultant of the jury and each jury member with a hotel room with bath or shower for up to two persons, from one day prior to the opening of the exhibition until the end of the exhibition. The Exhibition Management shall pay each senior consultant of the jury and each jury member an appropriate sum for daily expenses for the period of actual number of days present. An apprentice juror is not entitled to such reimbursement.

36.3 Senior consultants of the jury and jury members shall stay in the hotel provided for them by the Exhibition Management. If they wish to stay elsewhere, they will not be entitled to reimbursement of the cost of accommodation.

Article 37 - Confidentiality of Jury Discussions

37.1 The jury shall meet in closed sessions. Its decisions are final. There is no appeal.

37.2 Senior consultants of the jury, jury members and jury apprentices, as well as the secretaries made available to the jury, are obligated to respect the confidential nature of jury consultations and decisions. The results of the judging must be kept secret until they are announced by the Exhibition Management.

37.3 In the event of a breach of the stipulations in Article 37.2, the F.I.P.-Board may immediately suspend the offender from office and/or decide to bar him from the jury of future F.I.P.-Exhibitions.

Article 38 - Election of the Jury President and Jury Presidium

38.1 The President of the jury and the Jury Secretary shall be proposed by the Exhibition Management in consultation with the FIP-Co-ordinator. They must not hold a key post in the management of the exhibition. However, they must be accredited and possess the appropriate jury experience.

38.2 At the onset of their work, the jury members elect the President of the jury, up to three vice-presidents, a Secretary, and if necessary a Joint Secretary of the jury. These elected members, together with the President of the FIP or his Deputy, form the Jury Presidium.

Article 39 - Jury Groups

39.1 The Jury Presidium shall allocate the task of judging to groups of at least three jury members, chosen to reflect their specialised knowledge. The Presidium will nominate the groups spokesmen and will determine the number of exhibits to be judged by each group. This also applies to the distribution of jury apprentices to groups.

Article 40 - Judging of Exhibits

40.1 All Jury members shall judge the exhibits allocated to them in accordance with GREV and SREVs (Article 5.1).

40.2 Each jury group may consult members of other groups and, with the concurrence of the Jury Presidium, may draw upon the knowledge of recognised specialists or Commissioners attending the exhibition.

40.3 In the event of the death of an exhibitor, his exhibit will be judged provided the Exhibition Management does not inform the jury differently.

Article 41 - Measures in the Judging Process

41.1 A panel of experts approved by the F.I.P.-Co-ordinator shall examine at least 1% of exhibits for fakes and forgeries and report to the Jury Presidium.

41.2 At the request of the Jury, the Exhibition Management must remove exhibits or parts thereof from the frames so that they may be subjected to close expert investigation by the jury. The Commissioner responsible for the exhibit shall be invited to be present at such examination, if he is attending the exhibition.

41.3 Should an exhibit be determined to contain faked, forged or repaired items which are not clearly marked as such, the exhibit shall be downgraded by one or more medal levels (one medal level means 5 points) depending on the gravity of the case. If an exhibit contains many faked or forged or repaired items which are not marked as such, the exhibit may be disqualified and put out of competition to avoid any doubt. In such cases, the exhibitor shall be duly informed by the President of the Jury.

41.4 Any exhibit manifesting an obvious breach of F.I.P.-stipulations can be disqualified from competition by the Jury.

Article 42

42.1 The jury has the authority to transfer an exhibit from one class to another if it considers it is justified, unless the exhibitor or his Commissioner specifically requests in writing that it be judged in the class specified by the exhibitor.

Article 43

43.1 The jury is not obliged to make an award of the same level that an exhibit received in an earlier exhibition.

43.2 The jury is not permitted to combine various exhibits from one exhibitor for the purpose of judging. Each exhibit accepted by the Exhibition Management must be separately judged. This does not apply to literature.

Article 44 - Award of Medals

44.1 Each jury group makes the final decision on the award of medals up to and including the Large Vermeil Medal, provided other members of the jury offer no objection.

44.2 Proposals of the jury groups for all Gold Medals, as well as objections according to Article 44.1, shall be submitted to the full jury for deliberation.

44.3 Decisions of the full jury are carried by highest number of votes. In the event of a tie, the vote of the Jury President is decisive.

Article 45 - Award of the Grand Prix d'Honneur

45.1 The jury shall entrust a group of members with the selection of those exhibits which may be considered for the award of the Grand Prix d'Honneur of the F.I.P.-Championship Class.

45.2 The award of the Grand Prix d'Honneur of the F.I.P.-Championship Class shall be carried out by secret ballot of the full jury. In the event of tie, the vote of the President of the Jury is decisive.

Article 46 - Award of Grand Prizes

46.1 For the award of Grand Prizes for other Competitive Classes, the jury groups shall propose exhibits that exceed the requirements for a Large Gold Medal in accordance with Articles 44.2 and 44.3.

46.2 The award of a Grand Prize shall be carried out by secret ballot of the full jury. In the event of a tie, the vote of the President of the Jury is decisive.

Article 47 - Exhibition Certificates

47.1 The exhibition certificates must be signed by the President of the Jury and the President of the Exhibition Management